New agreement aims to ease Congo-Rwanda tensions

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda have signed a US-brokered agreement aimed at easing long-standing tensions and fostering cooperation in eastern Congo, a region affected by decades of armed conflict and humanitarian crises.

The accord was signed during a ceremony in Washington, with both governments pledging to support measures for regional stability and economic development.

The agreement includes provisions affirming respect for territorial integrity, cessation of hostilities, and a framework for the disengagement and disarmament of non-state armed groups. It also outlines steps toward the conditional reintegration of former combatants and improved coordination on cross-border security.

As part of the agreement, the United States indicated it would work with both countries to support infrastructure development and facilitate responsible investment in eastern Congo’s mineral sector, which holds global importance due to its reserves of cobalt, coltan, and other critical materials.

Cautious optimism from both sides

DR Congo’s Foreign Minister, Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner, and Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe signed the document and described it as a foundation for future cooperation. Both officials acknowledged the complexity of the situation on the ground and the challenges of implementation.

“There is no quick solution to the suffering in the east, but this agreement reflects a shared recognition that regional peace is in everyone’s interest,” said Wagner. Nduhungirehe added that strengthening bilateral dialogue and economic ties could help reduce tensions and promote stability.

Concerns over armed group activity

While the agreement is being welcomed as a diplomatic step forward, observers have noted that the situation in eastern DRC remains fragile. Over 100 armed groups operate in the region, including the M23 movement, which has advanced in recent months and taken control of key towns and mining zones.

Although the M23 was a central subject in the talks, its leaders have so far not committed to the agreement, raising questions about how it will be enforced in areas outside direct government control.

The conflict has led to the displacement of more than seven million people, according to UN estimates. Humanitarian agencies continue to report limited access to basic services and growing needs among displaced populations.

International response and next steps

US President Donald Trump described the agreement as a significant milestone in efforts to resolve what he called “one of the world’s most enduring conflicts.” Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the accord was “an encouraging development” and confirmed that the US would remain engaged in supporting its implementation.

The United Nations and regional organisations are expected to monitor developments closely. Analysts note that sustained political will, transparent follow-through, and inclusive dialogue—particularly with affected communities and non-state actors—will be essential to ensuring that the agreement leads to concrete outcomes.